税收优惠对企业创新的影响——基于先进制造业企业的实证分析

正确评价税收政策对先进制造业企业创新的影响具有重要意义。以2010—2019年中国A股先进制造业上市公司为研究样本,实证考察税收优惠与先进制造业企业创新的关系。研究发现：税收优惠对于先进制造业企业的创新具有激励效应,与所得税优惠相比,增值税优惠激励作用更为明显;区域异质性分析发现增值税优惠激励先进制造业企业创新呈现中、东、西部递减的状态,所得税优惠激励创新呈现东、西、中递减的状态。为提高税收优惠政策对于先进制造业企业创新的激励效应,提出完善税收优惠政策的建议。     

基于乡村异质性的宅基地发展权配置研究

研究目的:从乡村异质性出发,探讨与不同类型乡村相适应的宅基地发展权配置策略,以期为我国乡村振兴与宅基地制度改革提供新的启发。研究方法:规范分析法、比较分析法。研究结果:基于“区位—资源—组织”三维组合将我国乡村划分为近郊优势团结型、近郊优势分散型、近郊平庸团结型、近郊平庸分散型、远郊优势团结型、远郊优势分散型、远郊平庸团结型、远郊平庸分散型8种类型,不同类型乡村分别匹配拓展型、转移型、保留型或者多类型组合的宅基地发展权配置方式。研究结论:我国乡村的区位条件、资源禀赋和村集体组织能力存在很大差异,这种异质性决定了宅基地发展权配置的复杂性和多样性,宅基地发展权配置没有普适性的“最优”模式,更好发挥宅基地发展权配置对乡村振兴的引擎作用,需要基于乡村异质性采取分类配置策略而非“一刀切”。     

Public Open Access and Private Timber Harvests: Theory and Application to the Effects of Trade Liberalization in Mexico

A common popular assertion is that trade liberalization encourages deforestation. But whether this is true depends on how trade policies affect the allocation of land among competing uses and how they influence illegal cutting of public forests. A model is presented that allows for forests to be either public or private, and public forests are divided into protected (or managed) and threatened categories. Effects of price changes are shown on each part of the forest. An empirical version of the model is applied to the case of Mexico with NAFTA. Most scenarios considered show that NAFTA will have positive long-run effects on forest cover in Mexico but that this is net of losses on private lands.     

农村劳动力转移就业稳定性对土地流转的影响效应研究基于迁移异质性视角

目的 基于2017年在广东、河南、湖北、山西、云南5省所做的农户调查数据, 从迁移异质性角度, 考察了劳动力转移就业稳定性对农户土地流转的影响差异。方法 文章使用IV-Probit和IV-Tobit模型, 解决劳动力转移就业行为内生性的问题, 实现模型参数结果的无偏估计。结果 在广延边际上, 劳动力季节性非稳定转移就业对农户转入、转出土地均没有显著影响, 而常年稳定转移就业仅对农户转出土地有显著正影响, 家庭每新增1个常年在外务工者, 会使农户土地转出倾向增加9.5%;在集约边际上, 虽然稳定和非稳定的转移就业方式都降低了农地需求, 但只有常年稳定转移就业显著促进了农地供给的增加, 家庭每新增1个常年在外务工者, 会使农户土地转出数量增加8.1%。结论 促进农村转移劳动力向城市的稳定迁移和就业, 尤其是让非稳定转移就业者实现在城市的长期、稳定就业, 是解决现阶段农村土地流转市场供给不足的有效出路。     

A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Italian SMEs' Productivity

Abstract

In this paper, we adapt multilevel analysis methods to investigate the spatial variability of SMEs' productivity across the Italian territory, and account for differences in the socio-economic context. Our results suggest that to properly capture the variability of the data, it is important to allow for both spatial mean and slope effects. Social decay has the expected negative impact. However, while this effect is larger on firms with smaller capital intensity, firms with higher capital intensity seem to be less affected by geography. Greater territorial heterogeneity emerges among those firms with lower capital to labour ratios.

Une analyse spatiale á plusieurs niveaux de la productivité de PME italiennes

Résumé dans la présente communication, nous adaptons des méthodes d'analyse à plusieurs niveaux pour examiner la variabilité spatiale de la productivité de PME sur l'intégralité du territoire italien, et évaluer les différences sur un plan socio-économique. Nos résultats indiquent que pour saisir correctement la variabilité des données, il est important de tenir compte à la fois de la moyenne spatiale et des effets des pentes. La désintégration sociale a l'effet négatif escompté. Toutefois, tandis que cet effet est plus important pour des entreprises à moindre intensité capitalistique, les entreprises à intensité capitalistique majeure semblent être moins affectées par des facteurs géographiques. On relève une hétérogénéité majeure parmi les entreprises au ratio capital/main-d’?uvre inférieur.

Un análisis espacial de niveles múltiples de la productividad de pequeñ as y medianas empresas italianas

Extracto En este trabajo, adaptamos métodos de análisis de niveles múltiples para investigar la variabilidad espacial de la productividad de pequeñas y medianas empresas a lo largo del territorio italiano, y tenemos en cuenta las diferencias dentro del contexto socioeconómico. Nuestros resultados sugieren que para capturar apropiadamente la variabilidad de los datos, es importante tener en consideración los efectos de la pendiente y media espacial. El deterioro social tiene el efecto negativo esperado. No obstante, aunque este efecto es mayor en las empresas con una intensidad de capital menor, las empresas con una mayor intensidad de capital parecen estar menos afectadas por la geografía. Una mayor heterogeneidad territorial emerge entre las empresas con relaciones más bajas entre capital y mano de obra.

     

对普适性生产函数模型的一些改进

普适性生产函数方法为使用横截面数据估计时,由于各地区生产函数的不同所导致的不可估算问题,提供了很好地解决办法,但其参数的估计需用差分模型,这将产生严重的缺陷.文章放宽其基本假设,得到更一般的可估计模型——异方差模型,经验证据亦表明,改进后的模型优于原有模型.     

Commercial versus open source software: the role of product heterogeneity in competition

The emergence and market success of Linux in recent years has been impressive. The paper investigates the question of why some producers of a proprietary software support the development of open source software (OSS) while others refuse any support. As an analytical framework, a simple Launhardt–Hotelling model is used to show that the emerging price pressure on the former monopolists depends on the extent of the current heterogeneity between OSS and the proprietary software of the incumbents. The paper argues that the product heterogeneity can explain the differing real-world behavior of commercial software producers.     

企业战略联盟及其合作伙伴评价选择模型

随着经济全球化趋势的日益增强,战略联盟作为一种全新的组织形式已被众多企业选择,但也应该看到战略联盟伙伴关系多不牢靠,维持时间太短,即战略联盟伙伴之间不能有效的长期的合作。因此本文重点讲述如何用层次分析法对众多企业进行评价选择合作伙伴,只有选择了合适的合作伙伴才能使联盟更加稳定持久。     

Risk Preferences,Production Risk and Firm Heterogeneity*

A new technique is proposed for deriving the risk preference function under production risk and expected utility of profit maximization. The derivation depends on neither a specific parametric form of the utility function nor any distribution of the error term representing production risk. The proposed risk preference function is flexible enough to test different types of risk behavior and symmetry of the output distribution. Furthermore, our production risk specification allows for inputs with positive and negative marginal risk. The econometric model accommodates production risk, risk preferences and firm heterogeneity simultaneously. Norwegian salmon farming data are used as an application.     

Competition, Externalities, and Input Substituting Technologies

The period 1997–2000 saw a rapid global consolidation of crop seed companies. The emerging companies are applying genetic engineering to exploit complementarities and substitutabilities between seed and other crop inputs. This article develops a model of competing technologies where one substitutes for a conventional input. A monopolist may cross-subsidize a technology that substitutes for an input in order to price discriminate between user types. In duopoly, a socially excessive or insufficient share of acres may be subject to an input substituting technology. Welfare improving regulations are identified in the case where a technology substitutes for an externality generating input.